Cloud Security · Preparation Kit

Cloud Security Controls Readiness

Cloud security controls preparation materials, from IAM best practices, encryption, network security, to logging & monitoring. Applicable to AWS, GCP, Azure. Required in ISO 27001 (A.5.23, A.8.9-8.11), SOC 2 (CC6), PCI-DSS (if processing card data on cloud).

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1. Identity & Access Management (IAM)

  • Principle of least privilege: users have only minimum necessary permissions
  • MFA mandatory for console access and privileged accounts
  • No root account usage: disable root keys, use only for emergencies
  • IAM roles instead of hardcoded credentials in code
  • Regular access review: quarterly review of who has what permissions

2. Data Encryption

  • Encryption at rest: enable for all storage (S3, EBS, RDS, GCS, Cloud SQL)
  • Encryption in transit: TLS 1.2+ for all communications
  • Key management: use KMS (AWS KMS, GCP Cloud KMS, Azure Key Vault)
  • Key rotation: enable automatic key rotation (annually or per policy)

3. Network Security

  • VPC/VNet segmentation: separate production / staging / development
  • Security Groups / Firewall rules: restrict inbound traffic (whitelist approach)
  • No public access: RDS, Redis, Elasticsearch not exposed to public internet
  • Bastion host / VPN for admin access instead of public SSH
  • WAF: enable AWS WAF / Cloud Armor / Azure WAF for web applications

4. Logging & Monitoring

  • CloudTrail / Cloud Audit Logs: enable for all regions, log all API calls
  • VPC Flow Logs: track network traffic patterns, detect anomalies
  • Centralized logging: ship logs to SIEM or log aggregation tool
  • Alerting: alert on suspicious activity (root login, security group changes, IAM changes)
  • Log retention: at least 90 days (PCI-DSS requires 90 days, SOC 2/ISO 27001 recommend 1 year)

5. Backup & Disaster Recovery

  • Automated backups: enable for databases, critical data
  • Backup frequency: daily minimum, hourly if RTO/RPO requires
  • Cross-region backup: store backups in different region for regional outage protection
  • Backup testing: test restore quarterly to verify backups work
  • Disaster Recovery Plan: document RTO/RPO, failover procedure

6. Compliance & Posture Management

  • Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM): AWS Security Hub, GCP Security Command Center, Azure Defender
  • CIS Benchmarks: follow CIS benchmarks for cloud provider
  • Config drift detection: alert on changes outside IaC pipeline
  • Regular security assessments: quarterly cloud security review

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